![]() ![]() However, few studies have presented the biological activities of native South Korean bee pollen. Assessment of the variety of beneficial biological properties and evaluation of the quality of bee pollen products has been a concern.Ī previous study compared the sugar composition of bee pollen from China, South Korea, and Poland. These potential activities of pollen vary with botanical and geographical origin. The therapeutic and biological properties of bee pollen include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activities and antitumor activities improvement of semen quality and fertility hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective activity and anti-atherogenic activity. In ancient times, pollen has been applied as a food supplement or food diet additive and has been used for centuries as a kind of traditional medicine due to its nutritional and biological properties. However, only a few countries have officially standardized quality standards and limits of bee pollen and have permitted pollen use as a food additive these countries include Argentina, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Poland, and Brazil. There is a wide assortment of commercial bee pollen products, so determining the quality of bee pollen in commercial products is required. The main components of bee pollen are reducing sugars (40.7%, including 3.7% sucrose), protein (32.8%, including 11.5% essential amino acids), lipids (12.8%), bioelements (4.0%), vitamin C (0.19%), and β-carotene (0.07%). The composition of bee pollen is closely related to the plant source and geographical location, as well as other related factors, such as soil type, beekeeper activities, and climatic conditions. Pollen grains have diverse morphological characteristics, such as cylindrical, round, triangular, bell-shaped or thorny characteristics. Pollen pellets are colorful and range from light yellow to black. Bee pollen is collected by worker honey bees from the pollen grains of flower anthers in plants and mixed with a secretion from their salivary glands or nectar. There are many products, such as propolis, royal jelly, beeswax and bee pollen (BP), that are harvested from honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.). The botanical and geographical origins of pollen grains could help to establish quality control standards for bee pollen consumption and industrial production. ![]() Conclusionįundamentally, Korean bee pollen-derived preparations could be considered a nutritional addition to food to prevent various diseases related to free radicals, neurodegenerative problems, and cancers. In addition, total phenol and flavonoid contents had no direct correlation with antioxidant, anti-human BACE1, or antiproliferative activities. Fourteen samples presented potent inhibitory activity against human BACE1 with EC 50 from 236.0 to 881.1 μg mL − 1. Sixteen samples showed potent antioxidant activities with EC 50 from 292.0 to 673.9 μg mL − 1. One sample (BP12) was found to be bifloral, and the remaining samples were considered to be heterofloral. Resultsįour samples (BP3, BP4, BP13 and BP15) were found to be monofloral and presented four dominant pollen types: Quercus palustris, Actinidia arguta, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Amygdalus persica. In addition, the growth inhibitory activities on four harmful intestinal bacteria, six lactic acid-producing bacteria, two nonpathogenic bacteria, and an acidulating bacterium were also assessed. We measured the biological properties, including antioxidant capacity, inhibitory activities against human BACE1, and AChE, and antiproliferative activities toward five cancer cell lines, of the 18 EBPs. The botanical origin and classification of each BP sample was evaluated using palynological analysis by observing microscope slides. ![]() This study was conducted to characterize the botanical origin and assess the antioxidant effects of ethanol extracts of 18 different bee pollen (EBP) samples from 16 locations in South Korea and their inhibitory activities on human β-amyloid precursor cleavage enzyme (BACE1), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), human intestinal bacteria, and 5 cancer cell lines. ![]() The potential biological properties of bee pollen vary greatly with the botanical and geographical origin of the pollen grains. Bee pollen (BP) has been used as a traditional medicine and food diet additive due to its nutritional and biological properties. ![]()
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